Gemini text-embedding-004 vs OpenAI text-embedding-3-large
Detailed comparison between Gemini text-embedding-004 and OpenAI text-embedding-3-large. See which embedding best meets your accuracy and performance needs.
Model Comparison
OpenAI text-embedding-3-large takes the lead.
Both Gemini text-embedding-004 and OpenAI text-embedding-3-large are powerful embedding models designed to improve retrieval quality in RAG applications. However, their performance characteristics differ in important ways.
Why OpenAI text-embedding-3-large:
- OpenAI text-embedding-3-large has 92 higher ELO rating
- OpenAI text-embedding-3-large delivers better accuracy (nDCG@10: 0.811 vs 0.585)
- OpenAI text-embedding-3-large has a 27.8% higher win rate
Overview
Key metrics
ELO Rating
Overall ranking quality
Gemini text-embedding-004
OpenAI text-embedding-3-large
Win Rate
Head-to-head performance
Gemini text-embedding-004
OpenAI text-embedding-3-large
Accuracy (nDCG@10)
Ranking quality metric
Gemini text-embedding-004
OpenAI text-embedding-3-large
Average Latency
Response time
Gemini text-embedding-004
OpenAI text-embedding-3-large
Visual Performance Analysis
Performance
ELO Rating Comparison
Win/Loss/Tie Breakdown
Accuracy Across Datasets (nDCG@10)
Latency Distribution (ms)
Breakdown
How the models stack up
| Metric | Gemini text-embedding-004 | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Performance | |||
| ELO Rating | 1447 | 1539 | Overall ranking quality based on pairwise comparisons |
| Win Rate | 28.0% | 55.7% | Percentage of comparisons won against other models |
| Pricing & Availability | |||
| Price per 1M tokens | $0.020 | $0.130 | Cost per million tokens processed |
| Dimensions | 768 | 3072 | Vector embedding dimensions (lower is more efficient) |
| Release Date | 2024-05-14 | 2024-01-25 | Model release date |
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| Avg nDCG@10 | 0.585 | 0.811 | Normalized discounted cumulative gain at position 10 |
| Performance Metrics | |||
| Avg Latency | 13ms | 11ms | Average response time across all datasets |
Dataset Performance
By field
Comprehensive comparison of accuracy metrics (nDCG, Recall) and latency percentiles for each benchmark dataset.
PG
| Metric | Gemini text-embedding-004 | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 13ms | 10ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 13ms | 10ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 15ms | 11ms | 90th percentile |
business reports
| Metric | Gemini text-embedding-004 | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 13ms | 10ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 12ms | 10ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 14ms | 12ms | 90th percentile |
DBPedia
| Metric | Gemini text-embedding-004 | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| nDCG@5 | 0.536 | 0.648 | Ranking quality at top 5 results |
| nDCG@10 | 0.517 | 0.641 | Ranking quality at top 10 results |
| Recall@5 | 0.200 | 0.255 | % of relevant docs in top 5 |
| Recall@10 | 0.304 | 0.377 | % of relevant docs in top 10 |
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 12ms | 8ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 11ms | 8ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 13ms | 9ms | 90th percentile |
FiQa
| Metric | Gemini text-embedding-004 | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| nDCG@5 | 0.613 | 0.730 | Ranking quality at top 5 results |
| nDCG@10 | 0.649 | 0.752 | Ranking quality at top 10 results |
| Recall@5 | 0.645 | 0.700 | % of relevant docs in top 5 |
| Recall@10 | 0.748 | 0.781 | % of relevant docs in top 10 |
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 12ms | 10ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 12ms | 9ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 14ms | 11ms | 90th percentile |
SciFact
| Metric | Gemini text-embedding-004 | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| nDCG@5 | 0.722 | 0.726 | Ranking quality at top 5 results |
| nDCG@10 | 0.745 | 0.761 | Ranking quality at top 10 results |
| Recall@5 | 0.797 | 0.768 | % of relevant docs in top 5 |
| Recall@10 | 0.860 | 0.863 | % of relevant docs in top 10 |
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 13ms | 11ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 13ms | 11ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 15ms | 13ms | 90th percentile |
MSMARCO
| Metric | Gemini text-embedding-004 | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| nDCG@5 | 0.979 | 1.000 | Ranking quality at top 5 results |
| nDCG@10 | 0.977 | 1.000 | Ranking quality at top 10 results |
| Recall@5 | 0.118 | 0.123 | % of relevant docs in top 5 |
| Recall@10 | 0.209 | 0.224 | % of relevant docs in top 10 |
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 12ms | 8ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 12ms | 8ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 14ms | 9ms | 90th percentile |
NorQuAD
| Metric | Gemini text-embedding-004 | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 13ms | 14ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 13ms | 14ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 15ms | 16ms | 90th percentile |
ARCD
| Metric | Gemini text-embedding-004 | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| nDCG@5 | 0.030 | 0.899 | Ranking quality at top 5 results |
| nDCG@10 | 0.036 | 0.899 | Ranking quality at top 10 results |
| Recall@5 | 0.040 | 0.940 | % of relevant docs in top 5 |
| Recall@10 | 0.060 | 0.940 | % of relevant docs in top 10 |
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 13ms | 14ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 13ms | 14ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 15ms | 16ms | 90th percentile |
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