OpenAI text-embedding-3-small vs OpenAI text-embedding-3-large
Detailed comparison between OpenAI text-embedding-3-small and OpenAI text-embedding-3-large. See which embedding best meets your accuracy and performance needs.
Model Comparison
OpenAI text-embedding-3-large takes the lead.
Both OpenAI text-embedding-3-small and OpenAI text-embedding-3-large are powerful embedding models designed to improve retrieval quality in RAG applications. However, their performance characteristics differ in important ways.
Why OpenAI text-embedding-3-large:
- OpenAI text-embedding-3-large has 36 higher ELO rating
- OpenAI text-embedding-3-large delivers better accuracy (nDCG@10: 0.811 vs 0.762)
- OpenAI text-embedding-3-large has a 11.1% higher win rate
Overview
Key metrics
ELO Rating
Overall ranking quality
OpenAI text-embedding-3-small
OpenAI text-embedding-3-large
Win Rate
Head-to-head performance
OpenAI text-embedding-3-small
OpenAI text-embedding-3-large
Accuracy (nDCG@10)
Ranking quality metric
OpenAI text-embedding-3-small
OpenAI text-embedding-3-large
Average Latency
Response time
OpenAI text-embedding-3-small
OpenAI text-embedding-3-large
Visual Performance Analysis
Performance
ELO Rating Comparison
Win/Loss/Tie Breakdown
Accuracy Across Datasets (nDCG@10)
Latency Distribution (ms)
Breakdown
How the models stack up
| Metric | OpenAI text-embedding-3-small | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Performance | |||
| ELO Rating | 1503 | 1539 | Overall ranking quality based on pairwise comparisons |
| Win Rate | 44.6% | 55.7% | Percentage of comparisons won against other models |
| Pricing & Availability | |||
| Price per 1M tokens | $0.020 | $0.130 | Cost per million tokens processed |
| Dimensions | 1536 | 3072 | Vector embedding dimensions (lower is more efficient) |
| Release Date | 2024-01-25 | 2024-01-25 | Model release date |
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| Avg nDCG@10 | 0.762 | 0.811 | Normalized discounted cumulative gain at position 10 |
| Performance Metrics | |||
| Avg Latency | 10ms | 11ms | Average response time across all datasets |
Dataset Performance
By field
Comprehensive comparison of accuracy metrics (nDCG, Recall) and latency percentiles for each benchmark dataset.
PG
| Metric | OpenAI text-embedding-3-small | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 9ms | 10ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 9ms | 10ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 11ms | 11ms | 90th percentile |
business reports
| Metric | OpenAI text-embedding-3-small | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 7ms | 10ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 7ms | 10ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 8ms | 12ms | 90th percentile |
DBPedia
| Metric | OpenAI text-embedding-3-small | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| nDCG@5 | 0.605 | 0.648 | Ranking quality at top 5 results |
| nDCG@10 | 0.604 | 0.641 | Ranking quality at top 10 results |
| Recall@5 | 0.230 | 0.255 | % of relevant docs in top 5 |
| Recall@10 | 0.365 | 0.377 | % of relevant docs in top 10 |
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 7ms | 8ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 7ms | 8ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 8ms | 9ms | 90th percentile |
FiQa
| Metric | OpenAI text-embedding-3-small | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| nDCG@5 | 0.635 | 0.730 | Ranking quality at top 5 results |
| nDCG@10 | 0.647 | 0.752 | Ranking quality at top 10 results |
| Recall@5 | 0.623 | 0.700 | % of relevant docs in top 5 |
| Recall@10 | 0.681 | 0.781 | % of relevant docs in top 10 |
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 8ms | 10ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 8ms | 9ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 9ms | 11ms | 90th percentile |
SciFact
| Metric | OpenAI text-embedding-3-small | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| nDCG@5 | 0.682 | 0.726 | Ranking quality at top 5 results |
| nDCG@10 | 0.707 | 0.761 | Ranking quality at top 10 results |
| Recall@5 | 0.778 | 0.768 | % of relevant docs in top 5 |
| Recall@10 | 0.843 | 0.863 | % of relevant docs in top 10 |
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 11ms | 11ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 11ms | 11ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 13ms | 13ms | 90th percentile |
MSMARCO
| Metric | OpenAI text-embedding-3-small | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| nDCG@5 | 0.997 | 1.000 | Ranking quality at top 5 results |
| nDCG@10 | 0.990 | 1.000 | Ranking quality at top 10 results |
| Recall@5 | 0.122 | 0.123 | % of relevant docs in top 5 |
| Recall@10 | 0.213 | 0.224 | % of relevant docs in top 10 |
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 7ms | 8ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 7ms | 8ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 8ms | 9ms | 90th percentile |
NorQuAD
| Metric | OpenAI text-embedding-3-small | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 16ms | 14ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 15ms | 14ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 18ms | 16ms | 90th percentile |
ARCD
| Metric | OpenAI text-embedding-3-small | OpenAI text-embedding-3-large | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accuracy Metrics | |||
| nDCG@5 | 0.855 | 0.899 | Ranking quality at top 5 results |
| nDCG@10 | 0.862 | 0.899 | Ranking quality at top 10 results |
| Recall@5 | 0.900 | 0.940 | % of relevant docs in top 5 |
| Recall@10 | 0.920 | 0.940 | % of relevant docs in top 10 |
| Latency Metrics | |||
| Mean | 11ms | 14ms | Average response time |
| P50 | 10ms | 14ms | 50th percentile (median) |
| P90 | 12ms | 16ms | 90th percentile |
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